Options Trading Glossary - Terms Associated to Options Trading

There are specific terms associated with options trading and it is absolutely necessary that you know them by heart before you delve into the world of options. Here are some basic options trading terms to get you started.

But first, you must understand that options is an investment instrument that stems from stocks, and the fundamental principle of its function is to confer a options holder the right to buy or sell shares from the options seller at a stipulated amount within a stipulated time frame. You can equate this to placing a cash guarantee to purchase something within a time frame and preventing the seller from selling that item to any other interested parties.

Now why would you want to do this?

Well, for one, you might need to raise money to purchase that item and do not want the seller to talk to other potential buyers whilst you do your fund raising. For many, options trading is also a good investment instrument to make money off stocks they cannot afford. For others, options are a good way to protect their investments.

Before you learn how trading options can do the above, it is best that you learn all the terms relating to options trading.

CALLS AND PUTS

There are primarily two types of options - Calls and Puts.

A call option gives its buyer (holder) the right to buy 100 shares of the underlying security at the strike price, anytime prior to the options expiration date. The buyer is not obligated to exercise the option, thereby letting the option expire. The seller (writer) of the option has the obligation to sell the shares should the buyer exercise his option.

The opposite of a call option is a put option, which gives its buyer the right to sell 100 shares of the underlying security at the strike price, anytime prior to the options expiration date. The buyer is not obligated to exercise the option, thereby letting the option expire. However, the seller of the option has the obligation to buy the shares should the buyer exercise his option.

STRIKE PRICE

The strike price is the price at which the owner of an option can purchase (call) or sell (put) the underlying stock.

EXPIRATION DATE

The date on which an option and the right to exercise it cease to exist.

EXPIRATION FRIDAY

The last business day prior to the option's expiration date during which purchases and sales of options can be made. For equity options, this is generally the third Friday of the expiration month. Note: If the third Friday of the month is an exchange holiday, the last trading day will be the Thursday immediately preceding the third Friday.

EXERCISING THE OPTION

The buyer of a Call or Put option may choose to buy (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put) the underlying shares of his option anytime, as long as it is within the effective date of the option. If he chooses to do so, this activity will be known as exercising the option.

ASSIGNMENT OF OPTION

When somebody exercises the rights of an option he owns, the Options Clearing Corporation will notify the seller of the option. Upon receiving the notification, the option seller is obligated to buy or sell the underlying stock at the strike price. This is known as the assignment of option.

OPTIONS PREMIUM

The price you pay to procure an option is called the "premium". An option's price is called the "premium".

WRITER

A writer is somebody who sells an option that is not owned through an opening sale transaction. While this position remains open, the writer is subject to fulfilling the obligations of that option contract. He will be obligated to sell stock (in the case of a call) or buy stock (in the case of a put) if that option is assigned. An investor who sells an option is called the writer, regardless of whether the option is covered or uncovered.

COVERED OPTION

An open short option position that is fully offset by a corresponding stock or option position. That is, a covered call could be offset by long stock or a long call, while a covered put could be offset by a long put or a short stock position. This insures that if the owner of the option exercises his rights, the writer of the option will not have a problem fulfilling the delivery requirements. Trading options using this strategy is secured because you can limit your losses.

NAKED OPTION

A short call option position in which the writer does not own an equivalent position in the underlying security represented by his option contracts. This is a more risky options trading strategy because your losses are potentially unlimited, although it can be quite rewarding on the upside too.

UNDERLYING SECURITY

The security an option seller must deliver (in the case of call) or purchase (in the case of a put) upon assignment of an exercise notice by an option contract holder.

EXPIRATION FRIDAY

The Expiration day for options is the Saturday following the third Friday of the month. Therefore, the third Friday of the month is the last trading day for all expiring options. This day is called "Expiration Friday". If the third Friday of the month is an exchange holiday, the last trading day is the Thursday immediately proceeding this exchange holiday. After the option's expiration date, the contract will cease to exist. At that point the owner of the option who does not exercise the contract has no "right" and the seller has no "obligations" as previously conveyed by the contract.

IN, AT, OUT-OF-THE-MONEY

The strike price, or exercise price, of an option determines whether that contract is in-the- money, at-the-money, or out-of-the-money.

If the strike price of a call option is less than the current market price of the underlying security, the call is said to be in-the-money because the holder of this call has the right to buy the stock at a price which is less than the price he would have to pay to buy the stock in the stock market. Likewise, if a put option has a strike price that is greater than the current market price of the underlying security, it is also said to be in-the-money because the holder of this put has the right to sell the stock at a price which is greater than the price he would receive selling the stock in the stock market.

The converse of in-the-money is out-of-the-money.

If the strike price equals the current market price, the option is said to be at-the-money.
This article was written by Richard T. Tyler, a veteran with over 20 years of experience in stock trading. Please read his other articles on options trading at Invest Money Stocks for a better understanding of using options as an investment instrument.